Nerve Cell:
Nerve cells are also known as neurons, and the diagram above shows the structure of a Nerve Cell. They are the primary building blocks of the nervous system in humans and animals. A nerve cell functions by transmitting and receiving electrochemical messages. messages can serve several purposes, including the transmission of sensory information to the central nervous system and the regulation and control of organs in the body.
Red Blood Cell:
![Picture](/uploads/3/7/1/4/37142813/7547476.jpg?1407116279)
The function of red blood cells is to bring oxygen to the heart, the image on the left shows this. The function of red blood cells is to carry oxygen around the body after the blood has been pumped around the body. The travels at a quick and intense speed, the veins have valves to stop the back flow of blood at a low pressure. The veins and arteries have a difference as well this is that the arteries has a bigger wall around the outside to stop the arteries from splitting and letting your blood out, the veins only need a small outer wall because the blood isn't as high pressure to when it is travelling through the arteries.To carry oxygen around the body Red blood cells take up oxygen in the lungs and deliver it to cells.
Muscle Cell:
These cells are of muscle tissue mostly long, large and have the ability to contract and relax providing movements, you can see the structure of the muscle cell to the right in the image. There are three types of muscles, they are skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles.
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How do cells communicate with each other?
![Picture](/uploads/3/7/1/4/37142813/2505802.jpg)
Cells communicate with each other via small, signalling molecules that are produced by specific cells and received by target cells. This communication system operates on both a local and long-distance level. The signalling molecules can be proteins, fatty acid derivatives, or gases. Nitric oxide is an example of a gas that is part of a locally based signalling system and is able to signal for a human's blood pressure to be lowered. Hormones are long-distance signalling molecules that must be transported via the circulatory system from their production site to their target cells. Plant cells, because of their rigid cell walls, have cytoplasmic bridges called plasmodesmata that allow cell-to-cell communication. Animals use gap junctions to transfer material between adjacent cells. On the left you can see a picture of cells.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of cell specialisation?
Advantages:
Cell specialisation is one of the main things that separate multicellular and and single celled organisms. It allows cells in certain areas of an organism to form tissues that can serve a specific purpose. These tissues, depending on the complexity of the organism, can make up organs or even organ systems. specialisation pretty much allows for the cooperation of cells to form a multicellular organism.
Disadvantages:
Multicellular organisms cannot be independent like unicellular organisms because multicellular organisms have cells that specialise in one thing. Unicellular organisms have cell which consist of all functions which means that the cell doesn't have to depend on another cell in order to live. If a specific tissue cannot repair itself, there can be a permanent loss of function. For example the loss of an eye, damage to a nerve, damage to muscles.
Bibliography:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/nervecell.htmlhttp://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/circulatory/blood1.htm
http://www.innerbody.com/image/musc01.html
http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-muscle-cell.htm
http://www.biosignaling.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_communication_(biology)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519397904100
http://www.evolutionofcomputing.org/Multicellular/Specialization.html
http://www.markedbyteachers.com/as-and-a-level/science/discuss-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-cell-specialization.html
http://www.ask.com/question/disadvantages-of-specialization
http://myclass.peelschools.org/ele/8/28970/Homework/Science/Multicellular%20Organisms%20(pg.%2043-45%20and%20pg.%2049).pdf
http://www.innerbody.com/image/musc01.html
http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-muscle-cell.htm
http://www.biosignaling.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_communication_(biology)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519397904100
http://www.evolutionofcomputing.org/Multicellular/Specialization.html
http://www.markedbyteachers.com/as-and-a-level/science/discuss-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-cell-specialization.html
http://www.ask.com/question/disadvantages-of-specialization
http://myclass.peelschools.org/ele/8/28970/Homework/Science/Multicellular%20Organisms%20(pg.%2043-45%20and%20pg.%2049).pdf